CVE-2025-2691

Remediation / Mitigation Strategy: CVE-2025-2691 (nossrf Server-Side Request Forgery)

This document outlines a remediation and mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-2691, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability affecting versions of the nossrf package before 1.0.4.

1. Vulnerability Description:

  • CVE ID: CVE-2025-2691
  • Package: nossrf
  • Affected Versions: Versions before 1.0.4
  • Vulnerability Type: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  • Description: The nossrf package, intended to prevent SSRF attacks, contains a flaw where an attacker can bypass the SSRF protection mechanism. This is achieved by providing a hostname that resolves to a local or reserved IP address space (e.g., 127.0.0.1, 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x). The library fails to adequately prevent requests to these internal addresses.

2. Severity:

  • CVSS Score: 8.8 (High)
  • CVSS Vector: (Based on provided data, recreating a plausible vector based on typical SSRF attacks) CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (This vector can change based on exploit details as well)
  • Explanation: The vulnerability is rated as High because successful exploitation allows an attacker to potentially read sensitive data from internal servers, modify internal configurations, or even execute arbitrary code on internal systems, all initiated from an external request. The network attack vector and low attack complexity also contribute to the high score.

3. Known Exploits:

  • Exploitability: While specific exploit code may not be publicly available, the nature of SSRF vulnerabilities makes them generally straightforward to exploit.
  • Exploitation Scenario: An attacker could craft a malicious request to an application that uses nossrf to validate URLs. By providing a URL that points to an internal service (e.g., http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/config), the attacker could potentially access or modify sensitive information within the internal network.
  • Potential Impact:
    • Information Disclosure: Access to internal configuration files, databases, or APIs.
    • Remote Code Execution (RCE): In some cases, SSRF can be chained with other vulnerabilities to achieve RCE on internal servers.
    • Denial of Service (DoS): Targeting internal services with malicious requests can lead to resource exhaustion and DoS.
    • Authentication Bypass: Exploiting internal authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access.

4. Remediation Strategy:

  • Immediate Action (Critical):

    • Upgrade: The primary and most important step is to upgrade the nossrf package to version 1.0.4 or later. This version contains the fix for CVE-2025-2691. Use your package manager to update: npm install nossrf@latest # If using npm yarn add nossrf@latest # If using Yarn * Verify Upgrade: After upgrading, verify the installed version to ensure the upgrade was successful. npm list nossrf # Or yarn list nossrf

  • Long-Term Mitigation and Prevention:

    • Input Validation: Implement robust input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied URLs or hostnames. Use allowlists (rather than denylists) to define acceptable domains and protocols.
    • URL Parsing: Carefully parse URLs to extract the hostname. Do not rely solely on simple string matching. Use a dedicated URL parsing library.
    • IP Address Validation: Implement proper IP address validation to ensure that resolved IP addresses are not within the private or reserved IP address ranges. Specifically reject requests to:
      • 127.0.0.0/8 (Loopback)
      • 10.0.0.0/8 (Private)
      • 172.16.0.0/12 (Private)
      • 192.168.0.0/16 (Private)
      • 169.254.0.0/16 (Link-local)
    • DNS Resolution: Perform DNS resolution in a secure and controlled environment. Avoid using potentially compromised DNS servers. Ideally, implement DNS rebinding attack prevention.
    • Network Segmentation: Segment your network to isolate sensitive internal services from the external network. This limits the potential impact of a successful SSRF attack.
    • Principle of Least Privilege: Grant the application minimal permissions necessary to perform its functions. Avoid giving the application broad access to internal resources.
    • Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address potential vulnerabilities, including SSRF.
    • Web Application Firewall (WAF): Use a WAF to detect and block malicious requests, including those attempting to exploit SSRF vulnerabilities. Configure the WAF with rules that specifically target SSRF attacks.
    • Monitoring and Logging: Implement robust monitoring and logging to detect suspicious activity. Monitor for unusual network traffic, requests to internal services, and attempts to access sensitive data.

5. Testing & Verification:

  • After implementing the remediation steps, conduct thorough testing to ensure the vulnerability has been successfully mitigated.
  • Perform penetration testing, specifically targeting SSRF vulnerabilities, to validate the effectiveness of the implemented controls.

6. Communication:

  • Inform all relevant stakeholders about the vulnerability and the remediation steps.
  • Provide clear instructions on how to upgrade the nossrf package and implement the recommended security measures.

7. Reporting:

  • Document the remediation process, including the steps taken, the results of testing, and any lessons learned.
  • Report the vulnerability to the appropriate channels, such as the application vendor or the security community.

Disclaimer: This remediation strategy is based on the limited information provided. A complete assessment of your specific environment and application is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the recommended measures. Consult with security professionals for tailored guidance. Always prioritize security best practices and maintain a proactive approach to vulnerability management.

Assigner

Date

  • Published Date: 2025-03-23 14:21:36
  • Updated Date: 2025-03-23 15:15:14

More Details

CVE-2025-2691